Laboratory animals

In toxicology studies, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are selected to be most suitable for studies of neurology, behavior, reproductive, genetics and xenotransplantation (Wikipedia says "from one species to another Transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs "). They are also used in AIDS testing. They are bred mainly in the United States, China and Europe, but they are caught in the wild or sometimes gathered from zoos and circuses. There is a great demand for them in the laboratory as they are considered to be the center of vaccine development and also deep brain stimulation test.

"Animal experiments precede human trials, but if you do not know if animal experiments are related to human problems, even minimal predictive values ​​will be lost ... Continued use of broad spectrum multilineage multiple tests Vividly indicates that the researchers do not really know which test results can legally be applied to humans ". Hugh La Follette and Nial Shanks, Brute Science (London: Routledge, 1996) p 27

We were responsible for using animals in experiments exploring physiological functions and experimenting with cure for abnormalities. This is the first time Romans and Greeks were known in the 2nd and 4th centuries since the first trial. Things like Galen were known for their herbal remedies as well as for their early experiments on animals. Little is known about these activities in the next century when strict religious ethics were not suspected to prohibit such activities.

However, the use and abuse of animals named science continues to emerge as regularly accepted medical necessities from the 19th century to the 20th century. We received a lesson that we will liberate our health and illness by sacrificing animals. Unfortunately, we are not guaranteed healthy, but humanity is still suffering from diseases and new diseases.

More people began to oppose that method for ethical reasons. However, the first animal protection law was enacted until the early 19th century - in the UK Congress. About 50 years later, the cruel act on animals was passed to regulate animal experiments specially. Charles Darwin promoted the law and his emotions are obvious in the letter written to Ray Lancaster in 1871 ... "You ask about my opinion about private life.I am concerned that it is the actual I agree to be legitimate for the investigation, which is the subject that makes me sick to horror, so I will not say another word about it, otherwise I will not sleep tonight. "

Prior to the mid-1900's there were many posters of anti-vivisation in public places, trying to bring public opinion about cruelty related to medical experiments. Many people, including Rukminii Devi, had influence on the efforts to abolish the customs in Australia and India. From these early efforts of philanthropists who believed in human dignity and the need to honor all living things, there are now many supporters. These activists urged scientists to find a secret of health and to explore other ways to find a natural remedy for the disease.

Lafollette and Shanks' introductory text not only expresses an opinion on the need for change, but also many prominent physicians presenting facts demonstrating even inefficient and illogical animal experiments, It is shared by scientists and researchers.

If the method proves to be nonscientific, even if motivated by health concerns, there are already two strikes done to those who continue this work. One is the degree of cruelty to make animals helpless against their intention to suffer in the medical laboratory. Second, these methods cure diseases and, more importantly, can not prove sufficient results to improve people's health.

Animal enthusiasts are upset by listening to thousands of animals shunted to experimental channels, such as dogs, cats, horses, pigs and monkeys. Scientists insist that it is not cruel to do what they do if they can relieve human diseases for these animals used as "guinea pigs". But animals are not volunteers.

Apart from medical purposes, there are many other ways in which animals are "used" or abused. Our technical era and creative inventions require testing in all areas where the influence on humans must be determined. In addition to the growing interest in all areas of medicine as chemotherapy and medicine, we need to test it before releasing it to the community, along with a whole new technology adopted in surgery.

Animals have been used in all areas of our curiosity and in investigating our lives and the "requirements" of the lives we recognize. Inspection is indispensable not only as an indispensable test in foods, food additives, cosmetics, medicines, surgery and transplantation, radiation, genetics, X-rays, chemistry but also in livestock industry, agriculture and industry. New scientific fields such as xenotransplantation and cell science have expanded this field considerably.

The widespread use of animals named science and the possibility of abuse are growing beyond the imagination of the average person. As a noteworthy serious problem, there are few facts reported through our news channel. Frequent animal rights and activists' persistence are seen as embarrassing. Name calling casts people interested in animal cruelty to be together with "fanatics", "greynies", or "tree huggers", not as being truly kind-hearted enthusiasts It is a tactic used for.

It is a global problem through many countries, each of which generally has different uses and practices related to the treatment of animals, and in particular to experimental animals. There are signs of major improvement in international efforts to standardize customs and to make a work toward "humanitarian" behavior. As pressure from the public increases, it is expected that attitudes towards all animals will change dramatically within the next few decades.

Many statistics in various countries are unreliable or difficult to obtain, but available statistics tell the enormity of the problem all over the world.

The British Vivi Section Abolition Federation and Nafield's Bioethics Council have agreed to the fact that over 100 million vertebrate animals worldwide are used for medical experiments every year worldwide. I do not know the number of invertebrates. About 10 million people are occurring in the European Union.

The USDA said that 1.2 million animals were used in 2005. It excludes unknown invertebrates, rats, mice, and birds. The Institute's Primate Defense Group estimates that 23 to 25 million vertebrates and primates are used for research in the United States every year, using USDA figures.

In 1986, the US Congressional Technical Evaluation Authority stated that incoming reports fluctuate over 10 million to over 100 million annually, as to the number of animals used in US reports. The estimates given by themselves are close to 17 to 22 million, except that rats and mice are estimated at 15 million to 20 million per year. Guinea pigs, hamsters and other animals are also used.

Regarding the choice of animals used ... cats are favored by neurological studies. According to the Human Society of the United States, in 2000 2000, 25,000 cats were used in a study involving "pain and / or pain". Dogs like beagle dogs are chosen in a test that is highly invasive due to their familiarity. In 2004 the Animal Welfare Report of the US Department of Agriculture states that 65,000 dogs were used in their registration facility during that year.

The UK figures from the UK Department of Internal Affairs in 2004 provide comparative statistics and also for animals, but in the year 20 thousand rabbits in the UK, about 200 thousand fish, and 20 thousand amphibians It is used.

In general, most animals are thought to be used in a simple procedure that may be the last few minutes, months or sometimes years. The fate of such an animal is to die for the experiment or to deliberately euthanize it after its usefulness in the test. An animal dies every second in the American laboratory, every 2 seconds in Japan, and every 12 seconds in the UK. They are not commonly referred to as animals, they are called "products".

The total number of animals used for research and education in 2004 was an amazing 6,489,005 living creatures used in laboratory experiments .... 580,550 mice, 154,692 rats, 14,161 mice Of guinea pigs, 6,911 cats, 7,179 dogs, 316,271 cattle, 94,692 pigs, 6,576 horses and donkeys, 204,259 wild mammals and 328 primate numbers.
In Melbourne, Australia, Monash University offers examples of "services" that you can use to obtain laboratory animals through Monash Animal Service. Whether it is a cat, a guinea pig, a sugarcane, a rabbit, a sheep, a non-human primate and many exotic species it is very easy to procure from domestic and foreign sources. They also possess their own rodent breeding facilities.

Animal substitution for sacrifice
There are alternative ways that do not require animal experiments. Today, many cosmetic and household products companies have begun to rely on animal tests and take advantage of many sophisticated non-animal testing methods available, ranging from cell and tissue culture to a computerized "structure-activity relationship" model . Human cell culture studies have been found to predict toxicity in humans with much higher accuracy than animal studies.

In Australia it was founded in 2000 as a registered charity organization based in Canberra now, thanks to people's initiative devoted to advancing science without relying on cruel acts imposed on animals in laboratory research methods It was. Co-founder Ms Elizabeth Ahiston and Associate Professor Garry Scroop. Their policy is to discard the worn out inefficient procedures and alternative technologies by using cell science, human genetic research, analytical techniques, microorganisms, computer models, and any appropriate methods within the scope of ethics To provide a new direction for medical and general scientific research. Classical science. The philosophy behind this organization is not limiting its support but it is attracting great interest because it encourages a wide range of fields and encourages cooperation from scientists who support MAWA's objectives.

Finally, we see many of the voices that are against our survival are now heard. Darwin's response to science decline to mere curiosity is a cautious approach to create a new direction for modern medical systems that can be respected as a humanitarian branch of many healing systems that are present It is a common thing that brought efforts.

Successful alternatives to animal use and abuse will soon be outdated old and cruel habits and will provide a more happy future for our fellow creatures. We need to make an effort to rectify the attitude that made it possible to sacrifice the lives of millions of animals. And as a human being, we may be able to raise our heads knowing that we are certainly humanitarian.

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